Autism, or Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), is a lifelong developmental condition that affects how people communicate and interact with the world. Because it is a "spectrum," it affects every individual differently. Common traits include unique ways of processing sensory information, deep interests in specific topics, and different styles of social communication.

ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) is a neurological condition that affects a person’s ability to regulate attention, impulsivity, and energy levels. It is often characterized by challenges with executive function—the "management system" of the brain—which can impact organization, time management, and focus.

The pathway refers to the official process an individual goes through to receive an assessment and potential diagnosis. This usually begins with a referral from a GP or school, followed by observations, interviews, and clinical screenings conducted by specialists to determine the best way to support the individual’s needs.

The DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition) is the standard handbook used by healthcare professionals in much of the world to diagnose neurological and mental health conditions. It provides the specific criteria and symptoms that clinicians use to ensure a diagnosis is accurate and consistent.

A Paediatrician is a medical doctor who specializes in the physical, emotional, and behavioral care of children and teenagers. In the context of neurodiversity, they often play a lead role in the diagnostic process, monitoring development, and managing any medical treatments or interventions.

An EHAT (Early Help Assessment Tool) is a standardized way of looking at a child’s or family’s needs at an early stage. It is a collaborative process designed to ensure that various services (like schools, health visitors, and social care) work together effectively to provide support before a situation reaches a crisis point.

An EHCP (Education, Health and Care Plan) is a legal document for children and young people who require more support than is typically available through special educational needs support. It outlines the individual's specific needs and describes the additional help and resources the local authority must provide to help them achieve their goals.